Since its discovery by French chemist Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin, chromium has become one of the world’s top five most extensively mined metals, with production reaching 41 million tons in 2023. Chromium is essential for producing stainless steel and is used across a variety of industries, including military, aerospace, transportation, and medical equipment.
With over 30 years of experience in the chrome ore mining industry, I have witnessed a significant rise in the demand for chromium and ferrochrome. The top chromium-producing countries are South Africa, Turkey, Kazakhstan, India, and Finland, with Albania emerging as a notable producer of high-grade chrome ore and holding Europe’s largest reserves.
Chromium’s properties, such as corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance, make it irreplaceable with no viable substitutes. It is becoming increasingly important in the green energy sector, particularly in the manufacturing of solar panels, electrochemical cells, and electrolyzers for hydrogen production. Chromium is also used in rechargeable batteries, catalytic converters, and water treatment processes.
However, extensive mining of high-grade chrome bodies has increased the cost of extraction, leading to a surge in chrome ore prices due to a projected decline in production. Informal surveys with global mining companies confirm this scarcity, suggesting potential challenges for industries reliant on this metal.
The demand for stainless steel continues to grow, driven by economic growth, urbanization, and advancements in production processes. The chemical industry also plays a crucial role in chromium demand, particularly in specialty chemicals and eco-friendly practices.
Investing in chromium involves both risks and opportunities. Supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and emerging environmental regulations are significant factors to consider. Technological advancements in AI and automation are transforming the mining industry, enhancing sustainability, efficiency, and productivity.
